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对甘肃某垃圾填埋场渗滤液的来源、进水水质和设计出水水质进行分析,从可生化性、系统运行稳定性、渗滤液高浓度、高毒性等方面考虑,最终确定采用MBR+两级DTRO系统对渗滤液进行处理.经该工艺处理后,COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TN和SS的去除率分别为:99.3%、99.6%、98.7%、98.4%和97.0%,出水水质能够满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889-2008)标准要求.该系统优点:抗冲击能力强、污泥浓度低、占地面积小、出水水质稳定. 相似文献
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Drying experiments of dewatered sewage sludge (DSS) were conducted on a agitated paddle dryer, and the effects of additive agents, i.e., CaO, pulverized coal (PC), heavy oil (HO), and dried sludge ("DS" through back mixing) on the agitated drying characteristics of DSS were investigated. The results indicated that CaO can significantly increase the drying rate of DSS. The drying rate at CaO/DSS (mass ratio) = 1/100 was 135% higher than that of CaO/DSS = 0. Pulverized coal has no obvious effect on drying rate, but the increase of PC/DSS can promote breaking up of sludge lump. Heavy oil was found to be slightly effective in improving the drying rate of DSS in the examined experimental range of HO/DSS = 0-1/20. It is also found thatHOcan reduce the torque of the dryer shaft, due to its lubrication effect. Back mixing of DS was found to be effective in alleviating the unfavorable effect of the lumpy phase by improving the mixing effect of the paddle dryer. There was a marked increase of drying rate with an increase of the DS/DSS in the experimental range of DS/DSS = 0-1/3. 相似文献
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Mo-modified Pd/Al2O3catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method and tested for the catalytic combustion of benzene. The catalysts were characterized by N2 isothermal adsorption, X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), temperatureprogrammed desorption of NH3(NH3-TPD), H2temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR), and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM). The results showed that the addition of Mo effectively improved the activity and stability of the Pd/Al2O3catalyst by increasing the dispersion of Pd active components, changing the partial oxidation state of palladium and increasing the oxygen species concentration on the surface of catalyst. In the case of the Pd-Mo/Al2O3catalyst,benzene conversion of 90% was obtained at temperatures as low as 190°C, which was 45°C lower than that for similar performance with the Pd/Al2O3catalyst. Moreover, the 1.0% Pd-5% Mo/Al2O3catalyst was more active than the 2.0% Pd/Al2O3catalyst. It was concluded that Pd and Mo have a synergistic effect in benzene catalytic combustion. 相似文献
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Removal of noxious dyes is gaining public and technological attention. Herein grafting polymerization was employed to produce a novel adsorbent using acrylic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose for dye removal. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy verified the adsorbent formed under optimized reaction conditions. The removal ratio of adsorbent to Methyl Orange, Disperse Blue 2BLN and malachite green chloride reached to 84.2%, 79.6% and 99.9%, respectively. The greater agreement between the calculated and experimental results suggested that pseudo second-order kinetic model better represents the kinetic adsorption data. Equilibrium adsorptions of dyes were better explained by the Temkin isotherm. The results implied that this new cellulose-based absorbent had the universaiity for removal of dyes through the chemical adsorption mechanism. 相似文献
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水稻种植对中亚热带红壤丘陵区小流域氮磷养分输出的影响 总被引:13,自引:5,他引:8
以湖南省长沙县的脱甲流域(高水稻种植面积比例)和涧山流域(低水稻种植面积比例)为研究对象,对比研究红壤丘陵地区典型农业流域水稻种植对河流水体氮磷浓度和输出强度的影响.连续16个月的监测结果表明,脱甲和涧山流域河流水体均存在比较严重的养分污染,尤其是氮污染;对比两个流域,脱甲流域河流水体的氮磷浓度水平和水质恶化程度均高于涧山流域.从养分组成来看,脱甲流域河流水体中氮以铵态氮为主(占总氮的58.5%),而涧山流域主要是硝态氮(占总氮的76.1%).脱甲流域中可溶性磷占总磷比例为47.1%,高于涧山流域的37.5%.从养分浓度变化的时间动态而言,两个流域河流中各形态氮素水平在1~2月和7月较高,而可溶性磷和总磷在5~6月和10~12月出现两个峰值.由于两个流域河道径流主要集中在水稻种植期间的4~10月,脱甲流域河流中较高的氮磷养分浓度意味着潜在的氮磷流失风险.脱甲流域月平均总氮输出通量为1.67 kg·(hm2·月)-1,总磷为0.06 kg·(hm2·月)-1,均高于涧山流域的0.44 kg·(hm2·月)-1和0.02kg·(hm2·月)-1.考虑到两个流域的气候、地形地貌、土壤类型、农田耕作方式相似而只是水稻种植面积比例不同,因此,在该地区传统的水稻栽培管理模式下,较高面积比例的水稻种植对流域河流水体环境存在潜在威胁. 相似文献
59.
Yuguang Zhang Jing Cong Hui Lu Guangliang Li Yuanyuan Qu Xiujiang Su Jizhong Zhou Diqiang Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(8):1717-1724
Acidobacteria is one of the most dominant and abundant phyla in soil,and was believed to have a wide range of metabolic and genetic functions. Relatively little is known about its community structure and elevational diversity patterns. We selected four elevation gradients from 1000 to 2800 m with typical vegetation types of the northern slope of Shennongjia Mountain in central China. The vegetation types were evergreen broadleaved forest,deciduous broadleaved forest,coniferous forest and sub-alpine shrubs. We analyzed the soil acidobacterial community composition,elevational patterns and the relationship between Acidobacteria subdivisions and soil enzyme activities by using the 16 S rRNA meta-sequencing technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The result found that 19 known subdivisions as well as an unclassified phylotype were presented in these forest sites,and Subdivision 6 has the highest number of detectable operational taxonomic units(OTUs). A significant single peak distribution pattern(P 0.05) between the OTU number and the elevation was observed. The Jaccard and Bray–Curtis index analysis showed that the soil Acidobacteria compositional similarity significantly decreased(P 0.01) with the increase in elevation distance. Mantel test analysis showed the most of the soil Acidobacteria subdivisions had the significant relationship(P 0.01) with different soil enzymes. Therefore,soil Acidobacteria may be involved in different ecosystem functions in global elemental cycles. Partial Mantel tests and CCA analysis showed that soil pH,soil temperature and plant diversity may be the key factors in shaping the soil Acidobacterial community structure. 相似文献
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Jingyu Su Guanping Jin Changyong Li Xiaohui Zhu Yan Dou Yong Li Xin Wang Kunwei Wang Qianqian Gu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(11):2355-2361
Ni was effectively recovered from spent electroless nickel (EN) plating baths by forming a nano-nickel coated activated carbon composite. With the aid of ultrasonication, melamine- formaldehyde-tetraoxalyl-ethylenediamine chelating resins were grafted on activated carbon (MFT/AG). PdC12 sol was adsorbed on MFT/AC, which was then immersed in spent electroless nickel plating bath; then nano-nickel could be reduced by ascorbic acid to form a nano-nickel coating on the activated carbon composite (Ni/AC) in situ. The materials present were carefully examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electro- chemistry techniques. The resins were well distributed on the inside and outside surfaces of activated carbon with a size of 120 ± 30 nm in MFT/AC, and a great deal of nano-nickel particles were evenly deposited with a size of 3.8 ± 1.1 nm in Ni/MFT. Moreover, Ni/AC was successfully used as a catalyst for ultrasonic degradation of 2.6-dichloronhenol. 相似文献